Define.

Johnsonʼs Reconstruction Plan

 This was a plan that was based on Abraham's Lincoln, he only took off Lincoln's rule to have 10 percent of the citizens to have a constitutional convention. 

Black Codes

Those are laws laws that were for freemen only, it restricted them from doing things that white people could do. Those rules included:
Curfews: black people could not gather after sunset.

Vagrancy

 This law stated that if freedmen did not work they could be finned or whipped. They could even be sold for a year's labor.

Labor Contracts

The labor contracts consisted on making the slaves work for one year, if in the middle of the year they decided they did not want to work anymore they could lose their wages that they earned.

Land restrictions

Freed people could rent land or homes only in rural areas. This forced them to like on plantations.

14th & 15th Amendment

It guaranteed all citizens equal protection. Thus everyone could be equally protected, the fifteenth amendment stated that that voting would be allowed to all male citizens.

Radical Reconstruction

Radical reconstruction was a group of people who thought that the black codes were way too harsh, they wanted to stop the expansion of the black codes.

Carpetbagger

This was a negative nickname that was given to northern Republican's after they to move south after the civil war.

Scalawag 

This was a negative nickname for a white southern republican after the civil war.

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The Liberator special edition

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Last edition

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The civil war is over, but what are the real consequences? After four years and five months of war peace has finally reached America. No more fighting, no more destruction, but many thing changed.

After confederate soldiers came back, they came t o see their homes destroyed, all their delight for having won the war was turned into sorrow.

The confederate soldier Val C. Giles described his first moments after back from his perilous task:He reached his house, and even his dog, Brave didn't rrecognize him at first. His parents were not here to greet him, in fact he has been gone for so much time that they did not expect him to come back. The soldiers saw all their past life destroyed, they defended their cause but their life changed in ways that you can't imagine.

The period of reconstruction now started in this year of 1865. Now that the war is over many houses have been destructed, thus America needs this period of reconstruction. This reconstruction program was mainly needed by the southern states since as we all know the southern states were much more affected then the northern states. Talking about the southern states, the people are going to have a lot of work to do, not only for yed To add even more damage 9,000 miles of railroads were also destroyed. The civil war even took over their farmland, their farm buildings, and their farm machinery. In fact they lost a lot of what they had. Though the Southern have less deaths then the northerners. In number the north lost 364,000, while the southerner's lost 260,000 soldiers. Nevertheless, one out of three southern men are killed or wounded. This then means that more children were orphans, and brides were now widows. The southerners are now divided in three groups:reconstruction but also for their economy that is very challenged. The southerns ship

ping industry is almost all destroyed, to be more precise two thirds of this industry got destroyed

Black southerners: Many freed people are starting their lives over in a poor region with not much economic activity. When they were slaves they did receive food and shelter, though know they don't get anything. Many of them spent their whole life working for the southerners, so after their freedom was found they are homeless, and hungry. However their freedom is found, and in my opinion that is the best reward. Though surprisingly, some slaves decided to go work as slaves once again. So was this war really worth it? Know that the slaves go back to their old life?

Plantation owners: The plantation owners are suffering a lot, they lost a great amount of money, worth 3 billion dollars of slave labor are lost. Not only that but the federal government took 100 million dollars of southern plantation in cottons. Thus they lost so much money that some can't hire workers anymore, others have to sell their properties to subside to their families needs.

Though the question that everyone is asking themselves is should

Poor white southerners: They can't find jobs as easily because know that freedmen were looking for jobs too thus they have more competition. Many of them are moving to Mississippi and Texas.

we forgive the southerners? Or punish them? and will the black man be treated equally? In my opinion the southerners will suffer enough economically, all their life is changing, that is a good enough punishment. However I strongly think that it will be hard for them to treat black people equally, for us northerners they are humans. Though for southerners they were used more as things then people. Before his death President Lincoln forgave the southerners, though he did not precise that the black Americans have the right to vote, also he did not say that the southern states were readmitted in the union. Today vice president Andrew Johnson took over. You may remember that he was poor, and became a slave owner as he grew up. Like president Lincoln he forgave southerners, he permitted each state to hold a constitutional convention. This was not exactly the same thing that Lincoln decided on since Lincoln said that they could form the constitutional convention only after 10 percent of voters in the state has sworn allegiance to the Union. Of course he decided that states needed to abolish slavery and repudiate the confederate debt. He also stated that states could rejoin the union after holding an election.

Know that slaves are free many things changed for every single one of them. Freedom is finally between their hands, they will be able to go outside, children will be able to play with other, mother's will not be separated from their children anymore. The joy was such as most of them cried of joy. After the war many found their loved ones in other plantations, since they were separated from them. Though we all know that freedom is only halfway found, many black leaders are persuaded that the freedom will come with economic independence. As you may know a proposal was made that freedmen would be able to take white-owned land. General William Tecumseh distributeted the land and gave 40 acres plot. Though personally I think that idea was too hard to cope with because every black family will want 40 acres of land. Of course some of the land was then returned to white owners. Many black Americans reunited together, they are even forming churches, others making groups that could involve anything such a drama groups or debating clubs.

As a human I think everyone has the right to learn. Did you know that 90 percent of black man are illiterate? Even after working all their lives as slaves they are still eager to learn. We should take example on them, we are always complaining while they work to learn. Many white teachers come to the southern states to teach freemen, other freemen are trying to teach themselves. Finally you I think you have all heard about the Freedman's Bureau. It gives out clothing, food, and medical supplies to everyone that is in need black or white.
This ends our last article, after the civil war and freedom retrieved I think that everything will get better. The hopes for the future are better then what I imagined. Thank you for following us.

The War in Afghanistan

The War in Afghanistan first started on 2001, it didn't stop. Even now the issue is still here. Though president President Obama is trying to end the war. Today, December 1st Obama changed his strategies and decided to send 30 000 to 35 000 additional troops to Afghanistan. This War has negative effects for Afghanistan as well as America. Economically America is a very rich nation, though they waste a lot of money in this war. Thus, instead of taking care of more important issues such as trying to find the cure to important sicknesses they use more of their money for the war. Of course Afghanistan has many more problem. Their economy is already very low. With America sending troops to Afghanistan more buildings will fall, and they don't have the resources to pay this. Even the people shouldn't have problems, this war is between terrorists and America. Innocent people die of this, which then separates families or ruins years and years of hard labor. In this case even America suffers, many people who work in the army died during this war. Nevertheless I still think that Afghanistan is the one that is affected by this war, during a war people lose all they have, every precious thing is taken away from them. Even the food and water resources get smaller, thus less people can eat and drink properly. Even medicine isn't found easily. Furthermore even hospitals get full, so less people survive. People react too, they want to be safe, they want to have some security. People then decide to rebel, which then affects the government that already has enough problems dealing with this war.
(link of picture is in picture.)

Ken Burns

Slave Resistance

Very harsh work for slaves, some purchased their freedom but they were kidnapped most of the time. They were separated from their family. 1831 Mat Turner’s revolt. Slaves weren’t literate, and they didn’t have weapons. They would go in farms and murderer people. Turner was executed. People warned people not to make slaves learn to read and write in case they had ideas. In average about 1000 slaves per year would reach a free state. Laws were that people had to capture slaves and return them to their owners. Though many people were willing to help the slaves. Each states at different times became to outlaw slavery. Harriet Tubman a fugitive slave traveled to the states 18 times to help other slaves. She used as a union army spy during the war. Many slaved started showing that they didn’t want to be slaves, they wouldn’t work or sabotage some of the farmers work. Though they did get beaten. In the state of California over 50 percent of the population was black (slaves).

The Compromise of 1850

The New Mexico and Utah territories wanted to be free states though southerners had no compromise to offer. Many senators wanted free states. Which made more friction between northern people and southern people. By 1850 the territory of California was applying for statehood. (gold rush.) In the senate their were 15 free states and 16 free states. This would offset the balance. Utah and New Mexico wanted to also. Utah and New Mexico didn’t come as states, though they had to abolish slavery trade but not slavery itself. Utah and New Mexico were created as territories. The slave trades was abolished in D.C. With the compromise of 1850 they made even tougher rules, know under the new law they don’t get a trial they do go in front of a judge. Though when he proved that the person was a slaves they would get payed 10 dollars, if not 5 dollars. Some states would make their own local laws that would give any black man his freedom. Tom’s Cabin’s book sold a lot because it talked about how slavery was awful. Some southern tried to write novels too about how slaves were living normally, that their family wasn’t separated and that they were satisfied. Their were two separate governments. Newspaper journalists would it Kansas Bleeding because people would die from the disagreement that people had because of the slave/free states.

The Civil war was fought in 10000 places, more then three million of the Americans participated, and 600000 people died. The war made some rich, ruined others but changed everything.

North vs. South

Northern:
The northern had a lot of factories and industries. Thus they had more manufactured items. One of those was the sewing machine. Since not a lot of people farmed more of them worked in factories. This made the production faster which means that the economy rose. Though the people that worked in industries were balanced with the number of people that worked in farms. Though not only the economy rose, even the population. Thus know that more people worked more money could go to the government and to the people. They also had more military products such as guns. Of course this made them advantaged. Furthermore the banks had more money than the southern had. Finally since they had more people more people could join the army. This leads to more power for the north. The arguments with the south were because the northern was a free state. Which is positive because more people worked and less people depended on slaves, unlike the southern communities.
Southern
The southern had very fertile land, so the crops were easier to grow than the northern. However they depended a lot on slaves. They did all the work. Thus, if slavery came to a end they would have more work to do. Though if they won the civil war the work would be easier for them because all states would be allowed to have slavery. They also had a lot of military colleges so they were more trained then northern people. They also knew their land very well so fighting in the civil war could have been easier for them. Conclusively they exported cotton to most countries thus they could threaten countries if they wanted their military or economical help.

Important Abolitionists

Frederick Douglas
He owned a newspaper which was called the North Star and wrote facts that showed people they didn't have to have slaves. In other words he was against slavery. He even tried to persuade Abraham Lincoln that slaves should be allowed to chose the army. Frederick fought for human rights, in his opinion slaves should have never been allowed in the United States.
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman fought for human rights and of course slavery. She was a spy, and she helped many people during the civil war.
William Lloyd Harrison
Like Frederick Douglas he gave his opinion though the Newspaper, The Liberator. This Newspaper was against slavery.

Important events in the Civil War

The Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act
Years after the Missouri Compromise another other issues took place, America acquired a new piece of land. They had to decide whether it would be allowing slavery, or should it be a free land, or simple should the inhabitants of this land chose if they wanted slavery or not. Also, California grew a lot since the gold rush, again the slave issue came up again because they wanted to be a free state, however the balance between states would become unbalanced. Thus, to keep the balance they would probably disagree. Furthermore Texas said that they wanted territory that extended to Santa Fe. Conclusively their was the fact that Washington, the nation's capitol allowed slavery, and it was the home of the largest slave market. This brought up the Compromise of 1850 which is: fugitives didn't have the right to go to trial and citizens had to assist slaves. This then lead slaves to flee, and were captured for no reason, they were defenseless. This is an important event because slaves had not rights, that started to get them angry, thus they wanted to rebel.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
This act let the people who lived in Nebraska and Kansas to decide whether or not they wanted slavery in their borders. This then caused people to disagree because some were for slavery others didn't want slavery. So they formed to different clans. This was an important event because people forming two clans was just the start of two kind of powers disagreeing over an important issue. The civil war was between the people that wanted slavery and others that didn't, so having people against this showed importance.
The Election of 1860 Brings Abraham Lincoln to the White House
Slavery was becoming one of the major issues in the United States. Abraham Lincoln was a man who disagreed slavery. He tried running for president, however he didn't won the first time. Instead the second time he did win. When he won the north and south had much more reasons to stand up against each other. This was important because having a president that was not for slavery made people that agreed to slavery rebel. This then caused even more issues then leading to the civil war.